Fig. 11.23.
Basic form of a bipolar electric lead, where
I
r
= unit reciprocal current;
Φ
LE
= reciprocal electric scalar potential field;
LE
= reciprocal electric field;
LE
= lead field:
V
LE
= voltage in the lead due to the volume source
i
in the volume conductor; and
σ
= conductivity of the medium.